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Implementing modern species delimitation techniques into fungal taxonomy: Aspergillus charting the course
Sklenář, František ; Hubka, Vít (advisor) ; Haelewaters, Danny (referee) ; Janko, Karel (referee)
This thesis focuses on the implementation of modern methods and approaches for species delimitation in the genus Aspergillus, an economically important fungal genus and model organism. So far, taxonomic studies in Aspergillus regularly included multiple DNA loci (typically four), and the phylogenetic analysis itself mostly consisted of calculating a phylogenetic tree based on individual loci and the concatenated dataset, or less commonly on genealogical concordance principles. Additionally, the datasets usually contained only a limited number of strains per species. The inclusion of more sophisticated phylogenetic species delimitation methods (mostly based on Multispecies coalescent model) in Aspergillus taxonomy adds a whole new layer to the analysis that ensures much higher objectivity of taxonomic decisions. Each of the eight presented papers contains a taxonomic treatment of a particular part of the genus with phylogenetic analyses based on datasets containing DNA sequences from three to six loci or whole genome data (series Nigri). The available molecular data are analyzed by a gradually refined set of phylogenetic species delimitation methods reflecting progress made between years 2017 and 2022. The individual papers also examine some specific characteristics that suitably complement the...
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Induction of sporulation and sexual state formation in Ascomycota (Fungi)
Dudová, Zuzana ; Kolařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Novotný, David (referee)
The aim of this study was to summarize factors that induce sporulation of anamorph and fruiting body formation in ascomycetous fungi. These factors are, depending on a species, light, water, air and nutrients availability, presence of various chemical compounds and osmolarity. Specific media and cultivation conditions used for sporulation induction are reviewed. I concentrated on mating type (MAT) genes and genes involved in the process of conidiation in the chapter about genetic background of fructification and sporulation. Key words: sporulation, fruiting body formation, MAT genes, mating factors, anamorph, teleomorph, Ascomycota, homothallism, heterothallism.
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